Techno-Economic Comparative Analysis of Grid-Connected and Islanded Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in 7 Climate Regions, Turkey

The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic, technical, and environmental performances grid-tied stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) in 21 provinces seven regions Turkey, considering different regional solar radiation wind speed diversity. HRES were designed modeled using Hybrid Optimization Multiple Energy Resources software (HOMER PRO) meet daily load 13.26 kWh/day a household. analysis results for each province compared cost energy, net present (NPC), greenhouse gas emissions, fraction (RF), optimum system configuration. findings demonstrated that optimal configurations are Grid/PV/WT PV/WT/DG/BESS HRES, respectively. value NPC ranges from $\$ $ 2,540.00 8,951.00 while it varies 23,372.00 40,858.00 HRES. Çanakkale Marmara Region Artvin Black Sea Coast have lowest highest values, respectively, all systems. PV capital cost, WT BESS radiation, considered as sensitivity input parameters might affect economic output study. According analysis, an indicator decreased both on-grid off-grid increased. It was also found when panels changed, range 21,402.27- 29,978.89 Çanakkale, 37,518.11- 51,939.00 Artvin. Moreover, increased, showed CO2 emissions by 9.30% 9.23%, 25.58% 66.95%, Finally, indicated configuration changes depending on variations This research can be useful planning aspects well other countries around world. contributes literature comparing determine find best optimization Turkey under climate conditions. In addition, most studies related residential areas reviewed research, which intends serve guide engineers researchers.